The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly of 529’s

Ian Kloc • May 1, 2025

It is no secret that the cost of college is rising with no end in sight, requiring further planning, strategy, and saving. The Section 529 funds are very common recommendations for families saving for college. While this is great for some families, there are good, bad and ugly aspects of these plans and some families will benefit more from other strategies.


The Good: The biggest benefit to a 529 fund is the potential tax savings. The growth of the investments within the fund, and the withdrawals are all tax free when used for qualified education expenses (as defined in the IRC). Another benefit is the new 529 laws have expanded qualified education expenses to include trade schools and other forms of higher education. However, there are also several shortcomings.



The Bad: 529’s often have very limited investment options, many of which are age-based investing, often not being as adjustable to risk tolerance and preference. The family does not get a lot of discretion. Another shortcoming is they have to be declared on the FAFSA and can lower your need based aid.


The Ugly: If 529 funds are not used for education, they are stuck in this account. The only options are to change the beneficiary to another family member or withdraw and pay income tax on growth, as well as a 10% penalty. While there is a new provision to roll leftover balances into a Roth IRA, read the fine print. There are a lot of strings and checkboxes attached to this provision.


In conclusion, while these vehicles are still the best strategy for some families, there are other vehicles referred to as tax or asset advantaged assets that are more beneficial for other families. These assets do not have many of the withdrawal constraints and limitations of 529’s. These assets can often be sheltered from the FAFSA, potentially increasing your need-based aid. Every family needs to understand which strategy will be most beneficial for their family. Contact Boyce & Associate today for expert recommendations on which strategy is best for your family.

Logo for Boyce & Associates Wealth Consulting with
By Eric Boyce February 23, 2026
This week, CEO Eric Boyce, CFA discusses: 1. the changes inherent in the Supreme Count ruling on the IEEPA tariffs of the Trump Administration 2. GDP for the 4th quarter lighter than expected, driven in part by the government shutdown. Real final sales to domestic purchasers remains strong, suggesting that consumption remains robust enough to keep the economy going 3. Trade deficits higher, leading economic indicators remain negative; regional Fed surveys remain very positive, however. Leading indicators remain weak 4. One third of the federal debt is going to have to be refinanced in 2026 at a much higher interest cost. 5. government balance sheet not nearly as in good of shape as the consumer and commercial sector. Increased activity may result in additional capital spending next few years 6. equities in high demand; recent sell off has reduce valuation multiples, but US is still overvalued relative to the rest of the world. Earnings growth expected to be stronger in emerging markets than in the US 7. Hyperscaler spending set to ramp in 2026 - investors beginning to price in some skepticism 8. private investment stocks under pressure due to credit concerns
Logo for Boyce & Associates Wealth Consulting.
By Eric Boyce February 16, 2026
This week, CEO Eric Boyce, CFA discusses: 1. retail sales off for the month, breaking a trend; consumer prices +2.5% year-over-year, but much higher in some important categories 2. wages stable, but higher charge card delinquencies keep our focus in check. Household debt to GDP still very low, however 3. profit margins for S&P 500 driven by large tech; earnings estimates still favorable overall, but AI benefit will likely be measured in years, not months 4. trends in economic surprises suggest higher long term bond yields... 5. with recent sell off, some changes in both institutional and retail investor sentiment, although trade volumes remain high 6. increased capital spending but public companies, offset by lower stock buyback and debt paydown 7. job market slowdown continues at slow pace; job growth negative outside of healthcare since beginning of 2004 8. Gold disconnect with interest rates, but increased demand from foreign central banks, including China, driving some of that
Boyce & Associates Wealth Consulting logo and text
By Eric Boyce February 9, 2026
This week, CEO Eric Boyce, CFA discusses: 1. Risks to inflation from weak dollar, rising industrial prices and wages 2. ISM Services index remains positive, labor weak (job openings) 3. Strong response in energy prices, stocks - rhetoric on geopolitical developments 4. concentration of wealth and the pending wealth transfer 5. increased stock market breadth; tech stocks in correction; net profit margin and earnings per share growth remains strong across the S&P 500 equal weight index 6. international stock diversification benefit remains even if US earnings growth has far outpaced global earnings ex-US 7. yield curve as steep as its been in more than 2 years 8. lots of dry powder at private market funds ready to deploy 9. Bitcoin/crypto showing its volatile head 10. As a percent of the total economy, capital spending by the AI hyperscalers likely to exceed the US interstate highway system in the 1950-60's and the railroad build out before the civil war
Logo for Boyce & Associates Wealth Consulting with
By Eric Boyce February 2, 2026
This week, CEO Eric Boyce, CFA discusses: 1. Economic growth estimates for the 4th quarter lower, but numbers still expected to be good. 2. Leading indicators, port container volume down; factory orders slightly higher; retail sales slight uptick 3. comments on housing supply, significant shifts in the rental market, prices likely to continue to show slower growth 4. productivity higher likely due to AI; still risks of inflation, though, due to prices paid by producers 5. dollar remains weak, metals sell-off Friday in part due to new Fed chair nominee; money market inflows still robust despite interest rate decreases 6. quarterly earnings surprises lower; description of what to expect when earnings and economic growth are both positive 7. credit issuance going to be high, followed by refinancing of 1/3rd of all Treasury paper outstanding this coming year.
Family figures under a red umbrella, with text:
By Kelly Griggs February 1, 2026
Naming beneficiaries helps assets bypass probate, speeds payouts, reduces family conflict, and can override your will. Review designations regularly and list primary and contingent beneficiaries to protect your legacy.
Logo for Boyce & Associates Wealth Consulting. Text:
By Eric Boyce February 1, 2026
Growth stays resilient as labor cools and core inflation hovers near ~2.8%. Fed likely pauses after 2025 cuts while leadership broadens beyond megacap tech; watch tariffs, geopolitics, and an “AI bubble” reset.
Logo for Boyce & Associates Wealth Consulting. Text reads
By Eric Boyce January 26, 2026
This week, CEO Eric Boyce, CFA discusses: 1. Decision dilemma with FOMC rate meeting coming up - sticky inflation offset by weaker labor market 2. discussion of inflation components and influences 3. discussion of wages and income 4. residential housing, rental market, home improvement spending 5. exports, gold market and gold versus treasury holdings at foreign central banks 6. institutional and individual sentiment remains strong for risk assets 7. important market rotation underway - favoring value, equal weight, small cap and lower quality 8. balance of earnings growth shifting away from the Mag 7
Family on a couch; text
By Boyce & Associates January 23, 2026
Learn how you can take charge of your family finances, manage your budget, and build resilience for uncertain economic times.
Logo for Boyce & Associates Wealth Consulting. Text reads
By Eric Boyce January 20, 2026
This week, CEO Eric Boyce, CFA discusses: 1. inflation trends heading into 2026 are favorable, pending risks from policy shocks or politicized Fed. Money supply growth also bears watching 2. Producer prices remain elevated; potential supply chain issues on the margin 3. recession probability falling, strong 4th quarter economic growth expected. First half 2026 visibility much better than the end of 2026 visibility 4. retail sales, NY/Philly Fed survey's positive; capital spending trending higher 5. labor market slowing; increased joblessness amongst younger worker and those with degrees 6. update on residential housing; oil production 7. Investor sentiment remains high, volatility low in both equity and fixed income; increased breadth in the equity markets - all sectors above moving averages 8. Lower 2 year rates steepening the yield curve; meanwhile, credit spreads remain very low - implying low risk of recession
Boyce & Associates Wealth Consulting logo and
By Eric Boyce January 12, 2026
This week, CEO Eric Boyce, CFA discusses: 1. no significant predictive investment trends from geopolitical events, especially over the medium to long erm. 2. bank lending recovering, defaults higher but not yet a problem; new business applications on the rise 3. Housing - confidence and affordability still main drivers; average monthly payments and mortgage interest rates remain sticky 4. Job market remains sluggish; job sentiment weak 5. manufacturing remains weak; service economy remains in expansion 6. Big divergence still exists for hard versus soft data; soft data is weak, while much of the observable data is more positive. 7. Atlanta Fed predicting 5% annualized GDP growth for the 4th quarter of 2025 8. Equity market concentrations and valuation bear watching; fixed income poised for better performance
Show More